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SEO stands for Search Engine Optimisation. It is all about making the best use of website elements to improve the efficiency of getting rank on search engines like Google, Yahoo, and Bing. The function of SEO is to drive more unpaid and useful traffic to a site then which converts into sales. SEO embraces creative and technical both the elements required to drive traffic, improve rankings and increase awareness in search engines.
Website elements consist of:    

• A good structure
  
• Good content (catchy and informative)
  
• Keyword research and optimization
  
• Links to the website (backlinks)
  

SEO mainly depends on creating good content and natural link building. Now, the design of a website is very important for getting good results in SERP. Rich content and good site structure are very helpful for accomplishing SEO goals.
Let’s get to know about some Basic elements of SEO:
On-page SEO
Off-page SEO
On-page SEO is also called Onsite SEO. It includes providing useful content, good keyword selection, and many more similar things. It helps to rank high in SERP by putting keywords on correct places, giving an appropriate title to every page, catchy Meta title, and Meta descriptions. On-page defines the content and HTML source code both. Following are some important On-Page SEO elements

• Keyword Research and optimization
  
• MetaTag Title
  
• Meta Description
  
• Meta Keywords Tag
  
• Image optimization
  
• H1 Tags
  
• URL optimization
  

Off-Page SEO is another important part of Digital marketing. It's also called as Offsite SEO.  All the techniques that are implemented other than the website for better efficiency, gaining leads, traffics and to raise the ranking of the website with search engines are called Off-page SEO. It involves improving search engine and user perception of a website awareness, relevance, trustworthiness, and authority. This is accomplished by linking or promoting your website (for the quality of your content) on other reputable places on the Internet (pages, sites, people, etc.). 

Let us overview some techniques used for Off-page SEO
Search Engine Submissions
Link Building
Back-links can be created with the use of following:
Blogging
Forum posts
Press Release
Directory submissions
Question and Answer forums
Email marketing
Social media engagement